Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) is software used by researchers and data analysts to analyze data. Other than statistical interpretation, the package is a favorite among researchers because of its interactive nature. In addition, it's used to solve complex statistical problems.
To effectively complete your SPSS assignment, you need to understand the basics of the SPSS software. That is because SPSS entails a lot and has a wide area that students need to cover. In addition, due to the limited time in school and at home, students find it hard to complete their assignments in time - which is why they seek SPSS assignment help.
At GradeWriters, we use IMB SPSS software for data analysis to offer exceptional SPSS statistics assignment help. Our professional writers have vast knowledge and experience in offering SPSS homework help, which is why most of them trust us with their assignments.
Let's look at a brief history of SPSS before we offer help with your SPSS assignments.
The History of SPSS
SPSS's history dates back to 1967, when 22-year old Norman Nie decided to develop his own ways of solving computation problems. He had been frustrated while using a computer to analyze data about different nations' political cultures. As a then "data analyst," He took time to note down everything he needed to develop a software application that would help carry out a statistical analysis within the shortest time.
With help from his friend Hadlai Hull, they wrote the code for SPSS in 1968. And that is how the software was born. After that, the two started selling the application to institutions and academicians. They continued to do more research and concentrated on improving the application into what it is today.
However, until the 1970s, the application became popular in the United States and the rest of the world. According to Nie, the application generated a revenue of about $200,000 per year. Note that they were not doing any marketing at this time.
Eventually, the software was adopted by both government institutions and businesses. For instance, The National Forest Service employed SPSS to track injury reports and bear encounters in national parks. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) also used SPSS to calculate the average time between Space Shuttle failures.
In the 1980s, SPSS became the first software to make its application available in people's PCs. Its sale jumped to about $18 million. In 1986 Pansophic Systems Inc. bought the software at $32 million. The software company introduced new features to the program, which pushed its sales to about $33 million. The statistical analysis software has continued to improve ever since, with new and more advanced versions being generated as years go by.
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Techniques to Provide Top-Notch SPSS Homework Help
SPSS uses various techniques to analyze, transform, and develop patterns in different data variables. Well, several factors are responsible for the execution and processing of data. Below are a few of them. But before then, be sure to ask for online SPSS help from the best statistics assignment help experts.
Data Transformation
Data transformation is a statistical method used to convert data formats. After the conversion, you'll now have the same type of data and in the same location. This ensures there is easy management of different types of data. For instance, you can transform a non-normal distribution into a normal distribution.
Generally, there are infinite ways that a data analyst can use to transform his/her data. Some SPSS data transformation commands include:
- COMPUTE
- WRITE
- RECORD
- IF
- SELECT IF
- INPUT PROGRAM
- DO IF
- UPDATE
- SAMPLE
- MATCH FILES
- TEMPORARY
- LOOP
- XSAVE
Linear Regression
Linear regression is used to forecast the value of a particular variable based on another variable. The variable to be forecast is the outcome or dependent variable, while the variable used to forecast the value of the other variable is the predictor or independent variable. For instance, linear regression can be used to understand how exam performance is influenced by revision time.
Before you start analyzing your data using linear regression, you first need to determine if the available data can be analyzed. Next, the data needs to pass the five assumptions required for linear regression. They include:
- Linear relationship
- Homoscedasticity
- Multivariate normality
- No auto-correlation
- Little or no multicollinearity
- Use ratio or interval variables
You should note that your sample size should have at least 20 cases for every independent variable.
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Bivariate Correlation
Correlation describes the link between two or more things or phenomena that usually occur simultaneously. As such, a correlation expresses the co-occurrence or linkage between different variables. The range is between -1 and + 1. The value that measures the co-occurrence between different variables is the correlation coefficient, typically represented by the letter r. Bivariate correlation analysis in SPSS produces this correlation coefficient, r.
In summary, a bivariate correlation indicates:
- The strength of linear relationships
- Whether a linear relationship is increasing or decreasing
- Whether a linear relationship exists between different continuous variables
Cross Tabulation
Cross tabulation is generally a joint frequency distribution of two or more categorical variables. It is a data table that enables researchers to examine the relationship within a given set of data. The tables allow researchers to make informed decisions regarding the data by identifying trends, patterns, and correlations.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
ANOVA is used to determine whether there is a statistical difference between two or more unrelated or independent groups. For instance, an ANOVA can be used to determine whether an exam performance differed depending on students' level of anxiety. This will require the students to be divided into two or three independent groups, i.e., high, medium, and low.
The results obtained from this analysis may not show you the exact group that was statistically different. It will only tell you if at least two groups were different. Therefore, if you have more than three groups in your SPSS assignment, you won't be able to determine which of these groups is statistically significant.
ANOVA also has some assumptions that your data needs to meet. These assumptions include:
- The independent variable consists of two or more independent groups. The groups should also be categorical.
- There should be independent observations
- No significant outliers
- The dependent variable should be normally distributed
- The variance should be homogenous
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Factor Analysis
This is one of the best statistical analysis techniques in SPSS. It's a technique researchers use for data reduction. You might be wondering how it reduces data. Well, It's quite simple.
SPSS reduces data by seeking the latent, underlying and unobserved variables measured or reflected in observed variables. Some methods used to conduct factor analysis include:
- Maximum likelihood
- Principal axis factor
- Unweighted least square
- Generalized least square
Factor analysis usually needs you to have a large number of data to carry out the analysis. That is because it is based on a correlation matrix of two or more variables. If you homework help with factor analysis or any other SPSS assignment help, contact us immediately.
Survival Analysis
Survival analysis is an SPSS data analysis technique that measures the time before one or more events occur. The outcome of interest is usually the duration of an event, which in most cases is death. That is why this technique is known as survival analysis. For instance, the analysis can be used to determine the duration of an organ failure or heart attack.
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Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
MANOVA is a data analysis technique that determines a significant difference between two or more continuous, dependent variables and a group of independent variables. Unlike ANOVA, which measures only a single dependent group, MANOVA measures more than one dependent group.
Our SPSS assignment help experts have helped thousands of students to analyze data using this technique. It's important to note that MANOVA is omnibus, meaning it cannot tell if a specific group is statistically different from others.
T-tests
The T-test is a statistical analysis procedure that any student can use to compare the means of unrelated groups. The comparison is made on the same independent but continuous variables. It determines whether the two independent groups are statistically different.
The t-test is only used when:
- The dependent variable is continuous
- There is a random sample from a population
- The independent variable is categorical
- There are independent observations
- Homogeneity of variance
- No outliers
- Where values of dependent and independent variables exist
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Professional and Quality SPSS Homework Help Services
The time it takes students to understand this statistical package varies. Nonetheless, most students have a lot of challenges with their SPSS assignments - you are not alone. Even those who know a bit about the software take hours or even days to complete their SPSS homework.
That's why most students come to GradeWriters for SPSS assignment help. Our Masters and Ph.D. professionals are well-versed in the field of SPSS and other statistical packages and can handle any SPSS or programming assignments. Feel free to try out our services today for quality SPSS homework help experts. You can also contact our support if you have any SPSS statistics assignment help questions.
