If you are in college or university and studying thermochemistry, you must be aware that you should write e correct thermochemistry homework answers to get good grades. That means you need to get enough resources to see you through this branch of chemistry. While there are many free materials to learn from on the internet, accessing these resources does not guarantee good grades.
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What Is Thermochemistry?
Thermochemistry is the study of energy and heat connected through chemical reactions. Heat aids chemical reactions. When a reaction takes place, bonds between atoms get broken and reform later. Energy is required to break these bonds but is later released during bonding in the form of heat. Different reactions have different ratios of used energy to released energy, which determines whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
What is the thermochemistry process?
A thermochemistry process happens if the properties of a system change. Such process is divided into three main categories:
- Adiabatic
Adiabatic means that the process occurs without any heat change or transferring heat between the system and its surroundings. It only transfers energy to the surroundings as work. To understand more about this, let's take an example.
A good example is when air flows vertically. It expands and cools as it rises. When it descends, it becomes warmer. So for adiabatic to change, change in temperature is paramount.
This occurs when the pressure of the system is constant. In case of any pressure change due to heat transfer, it is neutralized, as seen when water boils. When the water is boiling, the steam expands to a large volume. It is estimated to be around 1600 times from the initial volume. But it is kept at constant atmospheric pressure. Another example is when water freezes and becomes ice.
- Isothermal
The isothermal process occurs if the temperature of the system remains constant. A good example is in boiling water. When water boils, the temperature remains the same. But why does water temperature remain at 100ºC? Because all the energy released is used to change the state of the water from liquid to gas.
Our Assignment Help Experts Cover these Key Points in Thermochemistry
1: Enthalpy
Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. It is like internal energy, but it cannot be measured. Enthalpy is used to calculate the heat reaction of a chemical process. That means the enthalpy changes can be measured or calculated. For example, it is used to measure the heat flow in calorimetry.
How does enthalpy affect us in our day-to-day life?
Any change in enthalpy applies to hand warmers and fridges. In fridges, especially the ones from Freon, refrigerants are evaporated. So the liquid to gas energy change (enthalpy of vaporization) equals the coldness of your food.
Another example of change in enthalpy is; when you use hand warmers outside. After you shake the pack, you realize your hands are heating up. That means there are reactants inside the pack that has been exposed to air.
2: Enthalpy of reaction
Enthalpy of reaction is also known as the heat of reaction, and it's the change in enthalpy of a chemical reaction occurring at a constant pressure. It is important and useful, especially when calculating the amount of energy per mole released in a reaction.
How do you calculate the enthalpy of reaction?
It is calculated by using this formula; ∆H = m x s x ∆T
M = this is the mass of your reactants.
S = heat of your products
∆T - temperature
You can now choose your formula and multiply to get the answer. If this seems hard for you, then consider getting help from our online tutors.
3: Calorimetry
The description of calorimetry in chemistry is used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical. It is used for measuring the heat transferred from a substance. The calibrated object to exchange the heat is called a calorimeter.
Types of calorimetry
- Adiabatic calorimeters
- DSC calorimeters
- Oxygen bomb
How to carry out calorimetry experiments
Use the calorimeter cup. Record every outcome at a 30-second interval till 10 minutes elapse. For example, in a calorimeter cup, put your thermometer. Add some magnesium, and make sure you are mixing. After 10 minutes, you will have the best results.
4: The nature of energy
What is the law of conservation of energy? It is possible to conserve nature because it is among the crucial physical quantities in nature. The total energy is constant no matter the process it undergoes. Energy is formed in nature in these forms; wind, solar, wave, and thermal.
There are two kinds of energy.
- Kinetic energy
More simply, kinetic energy is the energy that an object has because of its motion. Some types of kinetic energy are; thermal, mechanical, sound, radiant, and electrical. A good example of kinetic energy is found in walking, throwing, moving, etc.
- Potential energy
It is the stored energy that an object has due to its stater or even position. A good example is when riding a bicycle on top of a hill. That it is potential energy due to the position it is in.
Types;
- Gravitational
- Nuclear
- Electrical
- Chemical energy, etc.
5:The First Law of Thermodynamics
This is a chemistry law that states energy is always conserved. Therefore, energy cannot be destroyed or created but can be converted from one form to another.
Subjects in Thermochemistry
Bomb calorimeters
This is used in measuring the heat of combustion in a particular reaction. The bomb calorimeter equation is (ΔU=qV Δ U = qV ).
Specific heat
It is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature. For example, 1 gram of a substance changes temperature by 1 Celcius degree.
Spontaneous process
It is a process that occurs naturally. Outside forces do not drive it.
Heat of formation
ΔHf denotes the heat of formation and the heat absorbed when a mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements.
Thermochemical equation
An equation where information of heat change is included is known as a thermochemical equation.
Other topics include:
- The difference between Delta H and Delta S
- When to use specific heat
- Conservation of energy
- Gibbs free energy
- Hess's law.
- The heat of vaporization, among others.
Thermochemistry Applications
Most people use thermochemistry in their daily life without being aware of it. Vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, airplanes, and others, use thermodynamics. All types of air and gas compressors, such as fans and blowers, also use thermodynamics in their operation.
Are Thermochemistry Questions Hard? Learning Thermochemistry Is Very Hard.
Learning thermochemistry is very hard. It is one of the branches of physical chemistry that give students headaches. Though it is useful even in our day-to-day lives, cracking it is almost impossible.
It is mostly covered in high school, higher education, and colleges. It's not limited to that since some institutions have it at lower grades. It requires someone to be good at math. But that is not a problem if you find yourself stuck.
Answers to All Thermochemistry Homework Questions
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