Arts, Religion, and Science as Management Tools
Question
Please see attachment assignment Exercise 1a. I have attached 3 pages from the book to answer the science part. A paragraph for each section Art, Religion, Management and Science.
The second question How useful (to what extent) is art, religion, or science for successful business management.
Please see assignment Exercise 1a.


Solution
Arts, Religion, and Science as
Management Tools
Arts
Management is an art. It requires
the skillful application of knowledge, skills, and experiences to solve
problems. In management, the arts will direct and guide one’s application of
knowledge to resolve specific problems. The arts also help individuals acquire
practical knowledge, not just theory. From a prudential, normative, and moral
perspective, practical knowledge motivates the manager to act. Arts ensure
managers develop personal skills as well. The theoretical base for management
success may be the same, but each leader has their approach. Arts inspire
managers to be creative innovators. Managers face numerous problems in their
work. They must be creative and innovative to solve this problem and prevent
conflicts. Arts inspire managers to achieve perfection through practice. The
more an individual stays in a managerial position, the more experienced and
successful they become. Lastly, arts help managers become goal-oriented. Like
art, management exists to achieve specific goals.
Religion
Religion can also serve as a
critical management tool. It directly or indirectly affects how business
executives and managers work. Religion influences culture affects people’s
behaviors, dictates morality and ethics, and determines how people relate and
interact. Management is about making decisions that affect the organization and
other individuals. It is also about steering the organization responsibly and
ensuring the effective utilization of resources. Managers apply their religious
beliefs in whatever they do at work. Religion offers the manager a view of life
and business that helps them understand and address important and basic
questions affecting humans worldwide. Religion’s answer to these business and
life questions is not usually subject to the scrutiny of reason and logic. In
many instances, managers’ religious beliefs are unreasonable, defy logic, and
remain founded in personal beliefs. Religious beliefs are rigid and difficult
to change, although they may facilitate more fairness and better utilization of
resources.
Science
The basis of most management
principles is scientific inquiry and observation. One of the scientific
management approach principles proposed by engineer F.W. Taylor is science, not
the rule of thumb. According to this principle, managers should not remain
stuck in the old work routines. Instead, they should constantly experiment with
ideas to create new ways of doing things that simplify and quickly work. The
second principle is harmony, not discord. This principle encourages managers to
create an equal division of work between top leadership and employees. The two
must-see each other as indispensable, creating a mental revolution that
resolves all conflicts. Cooperation, not individualism, is the third management
principle suggested by Taylor. The principle encourages teamwork and
partnerships at work, increasing involvement and responsibility. Finally, Taylor
recommends the development of individuals to their greatest efficiency. The
principle encourages managers to select employees scientifically and teach and
develop them into efficient and effective workers.
Management
Management is a critical
institutional process. Its functions are planning, staffing, controlling,
organizing, and leading. Planning is about choosing the right goals for the
organization to focus on, and staffing is recruiting new employees and training
and retaining them. Controlling is about performance improvement based on
current outcomes. Organizing is establishing working relationships and
assigning responsibilities. Lastly, leading involves providing direction for
others to follow. It involves creating a vision, motivating others, and
ensuring effective communication. In this regard, the view that managers have a
supervisory role is just an illusion. Managers must understand their functions
to focus their effort and energy on the right activities. Managers must also
ensure the proper utilization of resources and apply the four emotional
intelligence dimensions to maximize human potential. The manager must also know
the business.
The usefulness of Art, Science, and
Religion to Management
Science is useful to a large extent
in the successful management of the business. It provides an evidence-based
approach to managing people, resources, and time. Science also suggests work
approach models that increase effectiveness, reduce waste, and encourage growth.
Since scientific knowledge is continuously evolving, its recommendations to
managers will improve the ongoing management process. Scientific processes help
build knowledge about the universe and transform how people interact with each
other and the environment. It allows managers to make informed decisions and
solve practical problems.




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