historical fires VS. current fires

Posted on: 24th May 2023

Question

Welcome to Week 7!

Utilizing the assigned textbook and validated research material, the Week 7 assignment is to:

Write a 1-2 page response to Module 2, Objective 8: Compare and contrast historical fires with more current fires to determine changes that have occurred. *Given the limit of a 1-2 page paper this assignment may describe one or two fires depending on the depth of the investigation you perform.

Submit your assignment as a Word or PDF document. Assignments are due at midnight on Sundays; don't wait until the last minute!

For your weekly assignments, use the following format:

Your name

FT 402

Week ##

Type the body of your response. Use Times New Roman 12 font, 1-2 pages. Each weekly assignment is worth 20 points. 5 points for format and grammar, 15 points for content. Ensure to list your reference(s) material as such:

References:

Visibility and human behavior in fire smoke. In Hurley, M. J. et al. (Eds.), SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. New York, NY: Springer. Yung, D. T., Proulx, G., Benichou, N. (2001).

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Solution

Historical Fires VS. Current Fires

There is a scientific basis for establishing effective and safe evacuation ways, including escape signs and evacuation plans, among others, in case of a fire. Fire smoke has physiological and physical effects on evacuees. Fire leads to lower visibility through the smoke as evacuees have running tears due to the irritants and extinction coefficient. Human behavior in case of fire includes extinguishing, not moving, informing others, looking for more information, and evacuating. Most people panic when faced with fire since it is an unexpected event. Panicking can affect everybody regardless of how strong one is. Panic often leads to hasty and poor decisions (Agyemang & Kinatede, 2022).

Fires have led to drastic changes in infrastructure, population patterns, and the progress of world events. For example, Alexandria's great library got burnt, which had valuable wealth. There were half a million scrolls from Egypt, Greece, India, and Assyria. Scholars traveled there to work and study; the great fire in London destroyed thirteen thousand homes and left over one hundred homeless. The great fire of New York happened amid the cholera epidemic when a downtown warehouse caught fire. The great Chicago fire left hundreds dead and thousands homeless.

On this earth, something is always burning. America has significant changes in forest structure, increasing fire-sensitive and shade-tolerant trees. Wildfires happen as people accidentally start them or lightning starts them. People use controlled fires to clear natural vegetation and manage farmland and pasture. Fires happen due to dryness, lightning, and rainfall cycles. Fires generate a lot of smoke, unintentionally degrade ecosystems and release greenhouse gases. Fires clear away dying and underbrush which helps restore the ecosystem to good health. There are ideas for preventing and controlling fire. Climate leads to most forest fires, and human activities and topography have the least influence. Historically fire helped propel human civilizations from stone to the Bronze age. Smoke and other deadly gases fill the air as the fire burns. Smoke moves horizontally and vertically through the air reducing the visibility of evacuees. Smoke chokes and can lead to death as it has deadly gases. Currently, fire has ecological benefits. 

Reference

Agyemang, C., & Kinateder, M. (2022). A review of the biomechanics of staircase descent: implications for building fire evacuations. Fire Technology, 1-35.

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