Overfeeding and CO2 Production of Critically Ill Respiratory Patients
Question
I have attached the instructions below. Just a heads up, I am a registered respiratory therapist and so is our instructor so an in depth explanation of things that are "common sense" or are the standard for our daily care does not have to be done. Please do not include anything about nursing in this essay.
Please include an abstract **it does not have to be on a separate page**
thank you


Solution
Abstract
Overfeeding critically ill
respiratory individuals can result in significant and even deadly
metabolic problems. The best way to provide nutrition care to patients is to
evaluate their responses to food on a regular schedule. Nutritional
supplements need to be adjusted over time to maintain metabolic stability
and facilitate recovery. CO2 significantly impacts lung function, which could
be clinically significant in critically ill patients, particularly those
suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome. In patients experiencing
acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercapnia may have positive advantages
and the advantages of low-tidal volume breathing. The paper will discuss the
hazards of overfeeding critically ill respiratory patients. It will also assess
the importance of overfeeding and CO2 emissions. It will also explain how it is
a stumbling block to recovery in critically ill individuals with respiratory
failure.
Overfeeding and CO2 Production of
Critically Ill Respiratory Patients
Dangers of overfeeding and CO2
production of critically ill respiratory patients
Critically sick patients require enough
nutrition to meet their metabolic requirements. Adequate nutrition intake
throughout critical illness enhances the effectiveness of weaning patients off
mechanical breathing and shortens hospitalization (Franken field, 2019). Underfeeding
reduces pulmonary epithelial development, promotes weakening of the respiratory
muscle, and prolongs mechanical ventilation by failing to recover muscle mass
and strength. On the other hand, overfeeding causes physiological stress and
enhances mechanical ventilation by increasing carbon dioxide production, which
boosts the required ventilation to maintain a constant level of arterial blood
gases (Franken field, 2019). However, severe protein-calorie malnutrition
continues to be a significant issue in many critically ill individuals.
Increased serum blood levels and hepatic
steatosis also result from such modifications. Furthermore, excessive
carbohydrate consumption combined with lipogenesis results in significant
carbon dioxide production, as seen by a high respiratory quotient. Azotemia,
hypertonic dehydration, and metabolic acidosis have resulted from overfeeding
protein. Diabetes, triglyceride levels, and hepatic steatosis are associated
with excessive carbohydrate infusion. Overfeeding can also result in
hypercapnia and refeeding syndrome (Franken field, 2019). Finding patients at
risk, offering proper assessment, coordinating multidisciplinary treatment
plans, and ensuring appropriate and timely monitoring and management are all
things that dietitians can do to avoid the respiratory problems of
overfeeding.
Ingestion of carbohydrates and the
elimination of CO2
In persons with severe pulmonary disease, a
calorie-dense intake, mainly carbohydrates, increases carbon dioxide production
and can lead to respiratory failure. Since fat energy produces less carbon
dioxide, it can lower alveolar
ventilation for any arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (Clark et al.,2019).
Carbohydrate metabolism, which includes sugars, carbs, and fibers, generates
the most carbon dioxide per unit of oxygen consumed. Since COPD patients have
trouble exhaling carbon dioxide, a low-carbohydrate diet could make breathing
easier (Clark et al.,2019). Even slight alterations in meals' carbohydrate and
fat composition can significantly impact carbon dioxide, exercise capacity, and
dyspnea in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Significance of overfeeding and CO2
production as a hindrance to recovery of critically ill respiratory patients.
Patients become overweight or obese as a
result of overfeeding. Obesity also hurts respiratory performance by reducing
lung capacity, especially forced expiratory volume and residual volume. In
addition, it may compromise energy and resilience due to the inefficacy of the
respiratory muscles (Franken field, 2019). These factors increase respirations,
oxygen intake, and respiratory energy balance, resulting in respiratory muscles
overload. It's vital to highlight that fatty tissue patterns significantly
affect respiratory efficiency since fat develops in the chest and belly has the
impact of a mechanical force. Obesity affects the respiratory system in various
ways, including acute mechanical changes induced by fat deposition on the
chest, belly, upper airway and increased inflammation. In addition, raising the
neuronal respiratory rate and enhancing work for breathing produces respiratory
sleeping problems and, as a result, the effect of rising respiratory failure.
Obese people produce more carbon dioxide due
to oxidative metabolism than healthy people. The diaphragm contracts during
normal breathing, moving the contents of the abdomen downward and forward. As a
result, the external intercostal muscles contract and drive the ribs upward and
onward simultaneously. The mechanism is compromised in obese people because
excess body fat around the chest and abdomen hinders the action of the
respiratory system (Franken field, 2019). Despite a link with a higher BMI,
obesity does not affect airway function as evaluated by respiratory function
unless in severely obese people. Increased obesity can compromise the
performance of the respiratory muscles, presumably as a result of the
diaphragm's increased stress. Some observed respiratory failure may be due to
the increased resistance imposed by extra fatty tissue on the chest and
abdomen, which creates a mechanical barrier for these muscles.
Conclusion
Obesity compresses the diaphragm, airways,
and thoracic cavity, causing limiting respiratory symptoms. Excess fat also
reduces the compatibility of the entire respiratory system, increases pulmonary
tightness, and diminishes respiratory muscle strength. Obesity is on the rise
worldwide, despite the evidence of increased health risks and lower quality of
life. Although genetic vulnerability plays a role, it is possible to prevent
and treat obesity to minimize the number of clinical and respiratory disorders.
References
Clark, I. E., Vanhatalo, A.,
Thompson, C., Joseph, C., Black, M. I., Blackwell, J. R., ... & Jones, A.
M. (2019). Dynamics of the power-duration relationship during prolonged
endurance exercise and influence of carbohydrate ingestion. Journal of
Applied Physiology, 127(3), 726-736.
Franken field, D. C. (2019). Impact
of feeding on resting metabolic rate and gas exchange in critically ill
patients. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 43(2),
226-233.




About Author
Tough Essay Due? Hire Tough Essay Writers!
We have subject matter experts ready 24/7 to tackle your specific tasks and deliver them ON TIME, ready to hand in. Our writers have advanced degrees, and they know exactly what’s required to get you the best possible grade.
Find the right expert among 500+
We hire Gradewriters writers from different fields, thoroughly check their credentials, and put them through trials.
View all writers