United States Supreme Court Cases
Question
1.Access the United States Supreme Court cases listed below:
-Roper v. Simmons
-Eddings v. Oklahoma
-In re Gault
-McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
-Kent v. United States
-Stanford v. Kentucky
-Breed v. Jones
-In re Winship
2.Identify relevant information pertaining to the holding of the case (vote and decision), and reasons for the Court to hear the case.
3.Interpret the holding of each case and indicate how that ruling will impact the juvenile justice system in the years to come
4.Organize all of the cases and case information in chronological order to create a timeline (year of the decision included), with supporting information listed for each case. This timeline should be contained to one page, and should include non-technical language. A broad audience should be able to read the information contained in the timeline and interpret your findings.


Solution
United States Supreme Court Cases
In re Gault
Gerard Gault and Ronald
Lewis were the two young men involved in this case. On June 8, 1964, they were
condemned to prison for having an inappropriate phone conversation in which
they called their derogatory neighbor terms. Gault's arresting officer did not
inform Gault's parents of his imprisonment, and he did not leave a notice at
their home. Neither Gault's mother nor anybody else was in attendance at the
June 9 informal hearing; as a result, no documents or transcripts of the
proceedings exist.
Kent v. United States
An older woman in her 30s
was raped, and police could obtain fingerprints that matched those of
16-year-old Morris Kent during their investigation. When Kent was barely 14
years old in 1966, he was arrested for stealing other people's purses and
wallets. An adult court found that the gravity of the offense and Kent's prior
experience with the legal system warranted his trial as an adult rather than a
juvenile.
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
Since his arrest in 1968
at the age of sixteen, Joseph McKeiver has maintained his innocence in the face
of numerous criminal allegations. Edward Terry, then 15, was charged with
conspiracy after being arrested for assault and violence against a police
officer the following year. Jury trials for minors are unlawful, according to
Pennsylvania's Supreme Court. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court heard appeals
based on alleged constitutional violations before being dismissed from
consideration.
In re Winship
Sam Winship, 12 in 1970,
was a juvenile delinquent. On appeal, the judge mandated that Sam complete at
least 18 months of training at a vocational school before being released from
prison. However, according to a Court of Appeals rule, Sam could not be
designated a delinquent until the money stolen from Winship's business could be
proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The United States Supreme Court granted an
appeal of the decision in this case.
Breed v. Jones
In a court of law for
adults, a 17-year-old kid was convicted of robbery on February 8, 1971. The
Juvenile Court held a hearing on March 15 and decided that Jones was not
appropriate for the court's care, treatment, and training programs; thus, he
was ordered to be prosecuted in the adult court system. The writ of habeas
corpus was denied, contrary to Jones' contention that he had been put through
double jeopardy. An appeals process followed a trial, and Jones was sentenced
to prison for the second time for first-degree robbery.
Roper v. Simmons
One of the Supreme
Court's most significant decisions was that the death sentence for crimes
committed by minors was unconstitutional in Roper v. Simmons, 1978. Twenty-five
states' statutes were overturned in the Supreme Court's decision to reverse a
decision that supported the execution of juvenile offenders aged 16 and older. As
a result, there would have been no more than five of these inmates on death row
in any other state.
Eddings v. Oklahoma
A 16-year-old Eddings was
at the heart of the debate in the Eddings v. Oklahoma 1982 case. When he opened
fire on a police officer approaching him for a traffic stop, he was condemned
to serve a sentence of life in prison. Even though he was a minor at the
offense, the authorities treated him as an adult. As a result of the eighth and
fourteenth amendment rights, his defense team contended that the death penalty
was unconstitutional.
Stanford v. Kentucky
Kevin Stanford was found
guilty of murder, sodomy, robbery, and receiving stolen property by a jury in
Kentucky, despite being barely 17 years old in 1989. Stanford was sentenced to
death in California because of a Class A felony or a capital offense he committed
while still a minor. Stanford did not argue that juvenile offenders should face
the death penalty because it would violate their constitutional entitlement to
serve a sentence of life imprisonment without parole.




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