Theory Study Guide
Question
Week |
Theory |
Key Concepts of Personality Development |
Explain the Root of Psychological Problems from the Theorist’s
Perspective |
What Influences May Have Contributed to the Development of this
Theory? (Upbringing, personal
experiences, etc.) |
Strengths of Theory |
Limitations of Theory |
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis |
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2 |
Carl Jung Analytical
Psychology |
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2 |
Alfred Adler Individual
Psychology |
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2 |
Harry Stack-Sullivan Interpersonal
Psychology |
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3 |
Anna Freud Ego Psychology |
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3 |
Melanie Klein Object
Relations |
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3 |
Erik Erikson Post-Freudian
Theory |
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3 |
Karen Horney Shifting
Perspectives |
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3 |
Erich Fromm Humanistic
Psychoanalysis |
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4 |
B.F. Skinner Behavioral
Analysis |
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4 |
Albert Bandura Social Learning
Theory |
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4 |
Rotter and Mischel Cognitive
Aspects of Social Learning |
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4 |
George Kelly Personal
Construct Theory |
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4 |
Albert Ellis Rational
Emotive Behavior Therapy |
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4 |
Aaron Beck Cognitive-Behavioral
Therapy |
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5 |
Gordon Allport Trait Theory |
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5 |
Raymond Cattell Scientific
Approach to Trait Theory |
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5 |
Eysenck Dimensions of
Personality |
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5 |
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae Five Factor
Model |
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5 |
Marvin Zuckerman Sensation
Seeking Personality Trait |
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6 |
Carl Rogers Humanistic
Personality |
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6 |
Abraham Maslow Holistic-Dynamic
Psychology |
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6 |
Victor Frankl Logotherapy |
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6 |
Rollo May Existential
Psychology |
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Solution
Week |
Theory |
Key Concepts of Personality Development |
Explain the Root of Psychological Problems from the Theorist’s
Perspective |
What Influences May Have Contributed to the Development of this
Theory? (Upbringing, personal experiences, etc.) |
Strengths of Theory |
Limitations of Theory |
Sigmund
Freud Psychoanalysis |
Freud developed the theory of psychoanalysis,
which includes id, ego, and superego. The id is the part of the unconscious
that contains sexual and aggressive drives and needs. |
Freud believed that psychological
problems are caused by conflicts between our conscious and unconscious
thoughts. |
One influence that may have contributed
to Freud’s theory was his work with Josef Breuer in discovering hysteria
|
His work changed how mental
illnesses are viewed and treated. |
Freud’s theory is hard to prove
because it is based on his observations |
|
2 |
Carl Jung Analytical Psychology |
Psychodynamic theory, developmental psychology
and humanistic psychology. |
According to psychoanalysis, an
individual’s unconscious mind is responsible for the psychological problems
that a person faces. |
Carl Jung influenced the
development of psychoanalysis
|
Jung’s theory has been a major
influence on developing personality theories and therapies in psychology. |
One issue is that there are no
clear distinctions between the different personality types |
2 |
Alfred
Adler Individual Psychology |
A person’s behaviors are influenced by both
internal factors (such as beliefs, values, and attitudes). |
Adler believed that feelings of
inferiority were at the root of psychological problems. |
Adler’s theory of personality
development is a holistic approach, which focuses on the individual as a
whole.
|
It is very easy to understand and
apply in the real world. |
It cannot be easily tested or
measured in a scientific way |
5 |
Marvin
Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Personality Trait |
People with high sensation-seeking
levels are easily bored and prefer to participate in exciting and dangerous
activities. People with low sensation-seeking levels prefer routine
activities that provide security and safety. |
Zuckerman believed that there is a
biological component for sensation seeking in people. Some people are more
prone to risk taking than others because of their brain chemistry. High
sensation seekers might not have had an opportunity to satisfy their need for
stimulation in childhood or adolescence so they seek these experiences as
adults. |
Zuckerman developed his theory
based upon the work of Buss and Plomin who identified personality traits such
as happiness, fearfulness, anger and hostility as traits that were inherited
from our parents. |
Zuckerman’s work emphasizes the
importance of understanding individual differences among people who share
certain personality traits. |
It is unclear how Zuckerman
developed this theory |
6 |
Carl
Rogers Humanistic Personality |
The humanistic perspective
emphasizes the good in people and the idea that people are innately good.
This view was an attempt to balance the negative view of Freudians. |
Carl Rogers believed that
psychological problems develop because people are unable to fully express
their true selves. |
Several sources influenced rogers
in developing his theories, including Charles Darwin (evolution), Abraham
Maslow (self-actualization) and Sigmund Freud (unconscious mind). |
The theory has great humanistic
roots and is based on human values that positively approach life and living
things. The theory also helps create an atmosphere of respect and acceptance
for people who are in our care |
Rogers’s theory is difficult to
test |
6 |
Abraham
Maslow Holistic-Dynamic Psychology |
Maslow theorized that every human
being has a hierarchy of five levels within them. These are called
physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem and self-actualization
needs. |
According to Maslow, there are two
categories of human needs: deficiency needs and growth needs. |
Maslow’s
most salient influence was probably his mentor at Wisconsin, Harry Harlow,
creator of the infamous “wire mother” experiments with rhesus monkeys. |
Includes that it has gained
widespread acceptance and application throughout many fields such as
education, business, counseling and psychotherapy. |
It includes that it has not been
formally tested or validated through research studies; rather it has been
developed through observations of other people’s behavior and how individuals
grow and develop throughout life stages. |
6 |
Victor
Frankl Logotherapy |
Free will: The ability to choose
our attitude in any given set of circumstances Meaning: A self-transcendent
purpose or goal that is beyond biological drives |
Frankl believed that a lack of
meaning often caused depression. |
The first major influence on
Logotherapy was Frankl’s own experience in Nazi concentration camps during
World War II.
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Logotherapy focuses on
self-actualization |
The theory fails to explain why
some people find meaning in life while others do not |
6 |
Rollo May Existential Psychology |
Rollo May found that people often
struggle with fear and anxiety in the process of personality development. |
According to May, the root of
psychological problems occurs when a person is not able to embrace their
anxieties as they develop a new identity |
May was influenced by other famous
psychologists, including Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. |
This theory is easily applied to
real-life situations because it emphasizes personal responsibility for one’s
own actions. |
Existential vacuum or no sense of
purpose for an individual in life is an assumption |




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