ARPA Funding on Indian Communities: Annotated Bibliography

Posted on: 24th May 2023

Question

I need an annotated bibliography to go along with this outline.

ARPA Indian Funding Outline

President Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) act of 2021 into law on 11th March 2021. The act provides additional funds for the financial year 2021 (FY2021) to facilitate the continuity and development of 11 key topic areas in American culture (Yarmuth, 2021). That implies there are 11 titles of the act. This paper focuses on the additional funds awarded to the American Indian community in six sections. The outline of the law is as follows.

Title XI: Committee on Indian Affairs

The Indian native community is allocated more funds to spearhead education, social welfare, health, housing, language and culture, and tribal agencies. The act provides these funds to ensure the Indian community recovers from the negative impacts of the global pandemic, Covid-19, as explained below.

Sec 11001: Indian Health Services

The section allocates more funds to Indian health services (Becker et al., 2021). The extra funds are prescribed to buy more medicine and treatment kits to promote the well-being of the Indian community. The federal government focuses on improving health and sanitation programs while promoting the application of health technology. The funds are also meant to purchase and distribute vaccines and focus on increasing mental health. Lastly, the kitty would help fight off drug and substance abuse among Indian communities.

Sec 11002: Indian Social Welfare

The government seeks to uphold the welfare of the native Indians by providing more clean water and enhancing welfare assistance (Spearing et al., 2020). The additional funding would facilitate local and tribunal government services to help the native Indians grow. The funds are also meant for child welfare assistance programs, especially for those unable to attend schools after the pandemic.

Sec 11003: Indian Housing Assistance

The extra funding provides housing assistance to American Indians through native housing block grants. Other programs are the native Hawaiian housing block grant and the Indian community development block (Cady, 2022). These programs seek to improve housing facilities for the vulnerable and less fortunate native American Indians.

Sec 11004: Indian Language and Culture

The extra funds provide for the Indian languages and culture protection. The federal government values the Indian culture; hence it has started programs promoting the culture (Rana et al., 2022). The extra funding will facilitate Indian events and the teaching of the language in local institutions and forums.

Sec 11005: Indian Education

The section allocates more funds for the continuity of Indian education. The government has allocated funds to the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE), which operates several education programs and activities (Emrey-Arras, 2020). Institutions under the bureau, such as elementary schools, secondary schools, and tribal colleges and universities, can receive these funds.

Sec 11006: Indian Tribal Agencies

The last section of the act provides funds for Indian tribal agencies, including Native Hawaiian education organizations and Alaska native education (Wood, Altemus, & Siegel, 2021). The early childhood education and family literacy programs are also viable to receive funding from the extra budget, which would sustain the Indian social structure.

References

Becker, B., Castle, A., Tanana, H., Olaya, A., Garcia, J., & Colwyn, C. (2021). Universal Access to Clean Water for Tribes: Recommendations for Operational, Administrative, Policy, and Regulatory Reform. University of Utah College of Law Research Paper, (475). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3965936

Cady, R. (2022). Priced Out: The State of Housing in America-Testimony of Peggy Bailey, Vice President for Housing Policy, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Before the Senate Committee on. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/3349666/priced-out/4148537/

Emrey-Arras, M. (2020). Bureau of Indian Education: Actions Needed to Improve Management of a Supplemental Education Program. Report to the Republican Leader, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. GAO-20-308. US Government Accountability Office. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED605505

Rana, S., Verma, S., Haque, M. M., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Conceptualizing international positioning strategies for Indian higher education institutions. Review of International Business and Strategy, 32(4), 503-519. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RIBS-07-2021-0105/full/html

Spearing, L. A., Thelemaque, N., Kaminsky, J. A., Katz, L. E., Kinney, K. A., Kirisits, M. J., ... & Faust, K. M. (2020). Implications of social distancing policies on drinking water infrastructure: An overview of US utilities' challenges to and responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACS ES&T Water, 1(4), 888-899. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsestwater.0c00229

Wood, F. B., Altemus, A. R., & Siegel, E. R. (2021). Native Voices exhibition: stories of health, wellness, and illness from American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. Information Services & Use, 41(3-4), 293-314. https://content.iospress.com/articles/information-services-and-use/isu210130

Yarmuth, J. A. (2021, March 2). H.R.1319 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Www.congress.gov. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319

 

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Solution

ARPA Funding on Indian Communities: Annotated Bibliography

Becker, B., Castle, A., Tanana, H., Olaya, A., Garcia, J., & Colwyn, C. (2021). Universal Access to Clean Water for Tribes: Recommendations for Operational, Administrative, Policy, and Regulatory Reform. University of Utah College of Law Research Paper, (475). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3965936

The writers are professors with experience in law, policy, and Indigenous concerns, which lends credibility to the source. The paper discusses the barriers to clean water access experienced by indigenous groups and makes solutions for improving operational, administrative, policy, and regulatory processes to enable universal access to clean water. The authors contend that present federal policies and procedures have failed to deliver clean water to indigenous people, resulting in health issues and environmental damage. They provide numerous suggestions, including tightening the Safe Drinking Water Act, creating a reliable financing source for tribal water systems, and enhancing tribal authority over water resources. The study is very relevant to the research topic since it examines the difficulties that Indian communities have in acquiring safe drinking water, which is vital to their health and well-being. In addition, the proposals in the study are consistent with the ARPA’s provisions for Indian Social Welfare and Indian Housing Aid, which aim to enhance tribal populations’ access to clean water and housing.

Cady, R. (2022). Priced Out: The State of Housing in America-Testimony of Peggy Bailey, Vice President for Housing Policy, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Before the Senate Committee on. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/3349666/priced-out/4148537/

The source dives into testimony provided by the vice president for housing policy of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. The Center for Policy Research is a well-known think tank focusing on policy issues impacting low-income and disadvantaged areas. The testimony discusses the barriers low-income families experience in obtaining affordable housing and governmental solutions to the problem. The speech focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on housing affordability, particularly for low-income and minority neighborhoods. It suggests several policy remedies, including increased financing for affordable housing programs, expansion of the Housing Choice Voucher program, and encouraging fair access to homeownership. The testimony relates to the study topic because it tackles housing affordability, a vital issue in Indian communities. In addition, the ARPA’s provisions for Indian Housing Assistance aim to increase tribal people’s access to affordable housing, and the policy recommendations in the testimony are consistent with these requirements.

Emrey-Arras, M. (2020). Bureau of Indian Education: Actions Needed to Improve Management of a Supplemental Education Program. Report to the Republican Leader, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. GAO-20-308. US Government Accountability Office. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED605505

The source is a study released by the US Government Accountability Office (GAO), a nonpartisan body offering Congress auditing, assessment, and investigative services. The report represents the GAO’s research and analysis, lending credibility to the source. The study evaluates the management of the Bureau of Indian Education’s (BIE) supplementary education program and identifies opportunities for improvement. The study investigates the Bureau of Indian Education’s handling of a supplemental education program (BIE). The study identifies program flaws, including insufficient monitoring and assessment, a lack of clear program goals, and insufficient training for program employees. According to the study, the BIE must strengthen program management. The report’s emphasis on the BIE’s administration of a supplemental education program is essential to the ARPA financing section for Indian Education. The budget intends to distribute additional cash for Indian education continuity, with institutions under the bureau, such as elementary schools, secondary schools, and tribal colleges and universities, eligible to receive these funds.

Henson, E., Hill, M., Jorgensen, M., & Kalt, J. (2021, December 17). Recommendations for the Allocation and Administration of American Rescue Plan Act Funding for American Indian Tribal Governments. Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3988156

The source is reliable since it is a research paper published on the Social Science Research Network, a recognized academic site. Also, the writers are associated with the Native Nations Institute, a well-known research organization. The study report recommends the distribution and administration of ARPA money for American Indian tribal governments. The authors propose that the cash be used to meet the Indian community’s most pressing needs, such as healthcare, education, housing, and economic growth. They also urge that tribal administrations be essential in distributing and managing the monies. The source is particularly relevant to the research since it makes precise recommendations for the distribution and administration of ARPA money for the Indian population.

Rana, S., Verma, S., Haque, M. M., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Conceptualizing international positioning strategies for Indian higher education institutions. Review of International Business and Strategy, 32(4), 503-519. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RIBS-07-2021-0105/full/html

The paper focuses on the worldwide positioning strategies of Indian higher education institutions. First, it goes through the notion of globalization and its advantages for the Indian education system. According to the authors, Indian higher education institutions must adopt a strategic approach to internationalization that prioritizes quality assurance, student mobility, and scholarly engagement with other nations. The essay offers a conceptual framework for creating worldwide positioning strategies for Indian universities. Finally, the essay delves into the Indian education system, one of the sectors that ARPA assistance is designed to help. The paper highlights the significance of excellent education and intellectual collaboration, which are critical for the success of Bureau of Indian Education programs and other educational institutions receiving ARPA money.

Spearing, L. A., Thelemaque, N., Kaminsky, J. A., Katz, L. E., Kinney, K. A., Kirisits, M. J., ... & Faust, K. M. (2020). Implications of social distancing policies on drinking water infrastructure: An overview of US utilities’ challenges to and responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACS ES&T Water, 1(4), 888-899. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsestwater.0c00229

Spearing et al. (2020) investigate the influence of social distancing policies on drinking water infrastructure in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors outline the issues utilities confront in ensuring safe drinking water while following social distancing requirements. Although, according to the survey, some utilities struggled to sustain operations, several could adapt and apply new solutions. The part on Indian social welfare (Sec 11002), which strives to provide clean water and increase welfare aid to American Indians, is relevant to the research on ARPA financing in Indian communities. The study sheds light on the problems of keeping safe drinking water during the epidemic, which is crucial to the well-being of Indian communities. The work was published in the peer-reviewed journal ACS ES&T Water, showing its credibility.

Wood, F. B., Altemus, A. R., & Siegel, E. R. (2021). Native Voices exhibition: stories of health, wellness, and illness from American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. Information Services & Use, 41(3-4), 293-314. https://content.iospress.com/articles/information-services-and-use/isu210130

Wood et al. (2021) examine the Native Voices exhibition, which showcases stories of health, wellness, and illness from American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. The study provides an overview of the exhibition, which aims to promote an understanding of the unique health challenges faced by these communities. The relevance of this study to the research on ARPA funding in Indian communities lies in the section on Indian tribal agencies (Sec 11006), which provides funding for Native Hawaiian education organizations and Alaska native education. The study provides insights into the health challenges faced by these communities, which is critical to developing effective health programs. The study's legitimacy is shown by the publication of Information Services & Usage, a peer-reviewed journal.

Yarmuth, J. A. (2021, March 2). H.R.1319 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Www.congress.gov. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319

The source is reliable because it comes from Congress.gov, the official website of the United States Congress. The website contains specific information regarding laws approved by Congress, such as their status, synopsis, and complete text. The source also provides a summary of the 11-title American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which addresses many elements of American society. The paper does not include a thorough analysis of the financial distribution for each title; however, it does provide an overview of the topics covered in each segment. The source is significant to the research issue because it outlines the ARPA act, which is the subject of the study. It also validates the presence of 11 titles in the act, which helps comprehend the paper’s organization. The source, however, does not provide precise information on the funding allocation for each component, which is required for the substance of the study. As a result, additional sources would be required to augment the material in this source.

References

Becker, B., Castle, A., Tanana, H., Olaya, A., Garcia, J., & Colwyn, C. (2021). Universal Access to Clean Water for Tribes: Recommendations for Operational, Administrative, Policy, and Regulatory Reform. University of Utah College of Law Research Paper, (475). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3965936

Cady, R. (2022). Priced Out: The State of Housing in America-Testimony of Peggy Bailey, Vice President for Housing Policy, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Before the Senate Committee on. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/3349666/priced-out/4148537/

Emrey-Arras, M. (2020). Bureau of Indian Education: Actions Needed to Improve Management of a Supplemental Education Program. Report to the Republican Leader, Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives. GAO-20-308. US Government Accountability Office. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED605505

Henson, E., Hill, M., Jorgensen, M., & Kalt, J. (2021, December 17). Recommendations for the Allocation and Administration of American Rescue Plan Act Funding for American Indian Tribal Governments. Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3988156

Rana, S., Verma, S., Haque, M. M., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Conceptualizing international positioning strategies for Indian higher education institutions. Review of International Business and Strategy, 32(4), 503-519. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RIBS-07-2021-0105/full/html

Spearing, L. A., Thelemaque, N., Kaminsky, J. A., Katz, L. E., Kinney, K. A., Kirisits, M. J., ... & Faust, K. M. (2020). Implications of social distancing policies on drinking water infrastructure: An overview of US utilities’ challenges to and responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. ACS ES&T Water, 1(4), 888-899. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsestwater.0c00229

Wood, F. B., Altemus, A. R., & Siegel, E. R. (2021). Native Voices exhibition: stories of health, wellness, and illness from American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. Information Services & Use, 41(3-4), 293-314. https://content.iospress.com/articles/information-services-and-use/isu210130

Yarmuth, J. A. (2021, March 2). H.R.1319 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Www.congress.gov. https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319‌

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