Epidemiology

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Question 1

The appropriate study design for this question is case-control because it involves comparing two different variables and their interrelation. It is based on observation of the comparison of related injuries and the average ammunition sales.

Question 2

This kind of study design involves the researchers coming up with an intervention or case and practicing it on a sample group of individuals to see the effects. It is used to identify a practical aspect or come up with new information. For this case, a random sample is used to examine the relation between indoor mold exposure and asthma in children. The recruitment shows that the researchers are the ones who invented the study and the end part involves questioning and interviewing. This qualifies me to be an experimental study design. Additionally, it was openly a sample used.

Question 3

The course in question here is whether insurance coverage is related to unusual acute care facility discharge for the specific insurance and other insurance. This is a characteristic of future study design, which follows a group of individuals with similar traits over time regarding the factor affecting them, which is the insurance in this case. The study is to know how the elements, the insurance, affect the outcome, which is the discharge.

Question 4

As the question begins, the association between congenital disabilities of the male reproductive system and phthalate exposure. The main course of this study is to identify the relation of factors and disease causation and outcomes. The women are the group of individuals expected to have the effect of interest.

Question 5

The study involves three groups of individuals being compared based on their outcomes. This is a symbol of this type of study as the main concern is observing different groups that differ in certain factors, which is the treatment in this case. This outcome is cognitive and emotional function improvement.

Question 6

The study is on the correlation between patients with severe mental disorders and childhood trauma. This question qualifies for a cross-sectional study because the researcher is interested in the exposures and outcomes of this group of individuals simultaneously. This is mainly used to determine the prevalence of a problem.

Question 7

This deserves a cross-sectional study design as it compares or tries to identify the relationship or occurrence of laryngeal cancer and cancer family history. The goal is to determine how family history impacts the event of laryngeal cancer.

Question 8

The study confirms that a particular group of individuals developed specific outcomes due to an already happening effect. In those cases, those who ate fish already expressed a high incidence of liver cancer compared to those who did not. What qualifies this for a retrospective study design is that the people had already developed a higher incidence of liver cancer.

Question 9

The question compares two interrelated variables—the high incidence of oral cancer concerning the capital cells of smokeless tobacco products.

Question 10

The unit of study here is a group of individuals and not separate individuals: the licensed cosmetologists and the licensed realtors. In addition, the analysis for this question should be ecologic because the variable, which is asthma prevalence, is one for two separate groups. 

References

Bangdiwala, S. I. (2019). Basic epidemiology research designs I: cross-sectional design. International journal of injury control and safety promotion, 26(1), 124-126.

Benjamin-Chung, J., Arnold, B. F., Berger, D., Luby, S. P., Miguel, E., Colford Jr, J. M., & Hubbard, A. E. (2018). Spillover effects in epidemiology: parameters, study designs and methodological considerations. International journal of epidemiology, 47(1), 332-347.