Humanitarian Intervention
Question
Introduction: you should introduce your topic, state your question and explain why it is important.(about a page or less)
Literature review: you should demonstrate how the existing literature fits together (how do their arguments compare to one another?) and where your research fits into the topic area (about 4 pages)
Hypothesis: what is your predicted answer to your question and why? (about a paragraph)
Operationalization: Explain what you did – state which method you used (qualitative and the design), describe your independent and dependent variables and why they are good measures for your question. If you are using qualitative analysis, you should explain why the countries you chose are good cases by talking about the non-key independent variables (i.e. why do you cases constitute a good most similar systems design or most different systems design?).
Data analysis: Your results must be presented in a chart, which we have gone over in discussion section. In this section, you explore the relationship between your (key) independent variable and dependent variable. Qualitative, should be about 3-4 pages total (about a page per country).
Conclusion: In the final page, discuss your conclusions. Does a relationship exist? Was your finding surprising? Explain why or why not. Are there potentially alternative explanations that could be explored in future research? Do you have any policy recommendations? (about a page or less)
Appendix: Finally, you must include an appendix that presents the data that you used in your analysis (if you have chosen the quantitative method) and a bibliography for your outside sources for either method. Please note that the appendix does not count towards your 10 pages.
**I have attached the Literature review I did myself in the files, its not perfect! I have also attached sample excerpts given by my instructor. I would really appreciate a great job and the inclusion of scholarly, relevant sources aside from mine.**


Solution
Humanitarian Intervention
Introduction
The subject humanitarian intervention has been a controversial one for a
very long time. There have been dilemmas
on the mechanisms used in the course of administering humanitarian aid, the
ideal time and extent of suffering that should prompt humanitarian and the
legality of intervention among other things thus resulting to heated debates on
the subject (UNICEF, 2015). Among the countries that are considered to be
leading in offering aid to suffering nations is the United States (US).
Research on the subject denotes that US has substantially taken part in acting
according to the UN doctrine regarding the “responsibility to protect.”
However, there have been many criticisms on the mechanisms that are used by the
US to provide humanitarian aid and the outcomes of these interventions. As a
result, this particular study explores the subject to identify whether the
humanitarian interventions by the United States have attained the primary aim
as put by the human rights doctrine and resulted to positive outcomes among
affected regions. The countries explored in this paper comprise of Ethiopia,
the Dominican Republic, and Syria.
(Literature
Review Section)
Hypothesis
The foreign aid by the United States of America has positive impacts
towards ending infringement of human rights in the economies of developing
countries. I have arrived at this hypothesis after conducting a study into
humanitarian intervention particularly interventions that have been made by the
United States and discovered that there are opposing critics asserting that
some of the interventions as unnecessary and not by the primary aim of the
“responsibility to protect.” On the other hand, there are other critics in
support of the interventions made by the US asserting that the intercessions
have been made with the intentions of ending human suffering and have attained
their mission. Therefore, I conducted this study in an effort identify whether
the United States has produced positive effects in countries that it has
exercised humanitarian intervention.
Operationalization
This study employed the use of the qualitative approach to explore the
subject and try to answer the research question. The data for the study was
gathered through the use of documentation analysis whereby several scholarly
papers were sampled basing on their relevance to the subject and the
participant countries. Relevant data was then gathered from this study for comparison
and analysis. Some of the independent variables in this study comprised of the
level of abuse or human suffering in a country, the willingness of a nation to
accept humanitarian aid from the United States and finally the UN affiliation
state of the nation. These specific variables are of great significance to the
study. The level of abuse is relevant in ascertaining the amount of help that
the country needed in comparison to the aid that the United States offered.
Also, this variable is significant in determining whether the accorded
humanitarian aid was necessary. On the other hand, the wiliness of a country is
imperative in ascertaining whether the US went against the law to offer
humanitarian aid and to defend the hypothesis basing on the reasons underlying
the resistance. Finally, membership of a country to UN is integral in
validating the intervention of US in those countries. On the other hand, the
dependent variable is the outcomes of the humanitarian aid about economic
growth and end human suffering. The chosen countries are the most ideal since
they possess similarities and differences key in exploring the ongoing debate
evoking dilemma in matters pertaining humanitarian aid.
Data Analysis
Variables |
Ethiopia |
Dominican Republic |
Syria |
Similarity |
Dependent Variable Positive outcome of the humanitarian invention Criteria #1 Criteria #2 Negative outcome of the humanitarian
intervention |
High |
High |
Moderate |
No |
Independent
Variables |
|
|
|
|
Level of abuse |
High |
High |
High |
Yes |
Willingness of accepting humanitarian intervention |
High |
Low |
Low |
No |
Member of United Nations (UN) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Ethiopia
Deducing from the kind of problem that Ethiopia suffered, it is evident
that it differs from the challenges experienced in both Syria and the Dominican
Republic. Ethiopia has recently endured drought followed by hunger in the
country. Lack of water and food left a majority of the citizens at risk of
starvation and outspread of diseases. Therefore, since the primary intention of
humanitarian intervention is “responsibility to protect” the United States
provided Ethiopia with more than $450 million worth of the necessities.
Ethiopia, a member of UN greatly benefited from this help and was grateful for
the support (UNICEF, 2015). Therefore, it is proper to that the humanitarian
intervention resulted in a positive outcome to Ethiopia which is a developing
country (UNICEF, 2015). Basing on the level of drought and starvation, the need
for humanitarian intervention was necessary following the fact that the state
was also willing to receive the humanitarian intervention from the US.
Therefore, it is proper to claim that the human intervention that the US
accorded to Ethiopia is in support of the hypothesis since it followed a moral
code and positively impacted Ethiopia economically taking into consideration
that it is a developing country.
Dominican Republic
From the analysis table, the level of abuse in the Dominican Republic was
high, but the country’s leadership was not willing to receive humanitarian aid.
However, the United States forced its way into the Dominican Republic following
the fact that the country has signed as a member of the United Nations. Since
many people were being affected by the war and the government was unstable, it
was necessary for the US to intervene
and alleviate human suffering, eliminate dictatorship and restore government
stability in the country according to “responsibility to protect” political
commitment. During the intervention, the US managed to reinstate economic
growth evidenced by the building of new roads and learning institutions. Even
though the US did not fund the nation in any way, it is still correct to assert
that the intervention was humanitarian and resulted to positive outcomes mainly
basing on the fact that stability was restored and the economy grew unlike
during the crisis period (Chrimes, 2017).
Syria
The outcome of the humanitarian intervention that the US offered to Syria
resulted to moderate results when analyzing the impact about how beneficial the
humanitarian intervention turned out. The aftermath of this particular
intervention was significantly contributed by the independent variables. First,
Syria was not willing to accept intercession from the United States. Also,
despite the fact that Syria was a member of the United Nations, they were not enthusiastic
for the involvement and the level of abuse in the country was very high thus
making it hard for the positive impact of the United States to be felt. The US
humanitarian intervention is thus validated following the fact that there was a
civil war in the country in which apart from violent means to control the
situation, chemical warfare also was used. The use of chemical warfare is a
crime against humanity and thus calls for “political to protect” (Dean,
2015). Also, the situations saw an
approximate of 400,000 deaths which are a crisis that calls for international involvement
which the US decided to offer. Despite the fact that the intervention led to
undesirable outcomes in which nine lives was lost. Even though the US acted
against the UN’s wish, the intervention saved the lives of many Syrian
civilians whose lives would have been lost if the U.S would not have
intervened. As a result of the intervention, Syria’s economy was improved thus
confirming that the hypothesis is valid. Through the $7.7 billion that the US
has given to Syria, it is apparent that they have significantly helped the
country by positively impacting their economy.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the outcome of humanitarian intervention by the United
States was significantly affected by the level of abuse, the willingness of the
troubled countries to receive aid and their membership in the United Nations.
Therefore, it can be asserted that the independent variables significantly
affected the dependent variable. The findings of this study are in support of
the hypothesis since all of the humanitarian interventions that the US offered
to Ethiopia, Syria and the Dominican Republic positively impacted to grow the
economies of the countries and ending the suffering. Future studies ought to conduct statistical
analysis of the revenues gained in these countries and the level of appreciated
depicted by citizens of these countries after the humanitarian intervention by
the United States.
References
ABRATT, D. (2017). U.S. Intervention in Syria: A Legal Responsibility to
Protect. Denver Law Review, 95(1), 21-71.
Chrimes, P. (2017). Dollar diplomacy by force: nation-building and
resistance in the Dominican Republic. International Affairs, 93(6),
1507-1509.
Dean, S. E. (2015). US Syria Policy: Too, Little, Too Late, or Wise
Restraint?. Hampton Roads International Security Quarterly, 5.
ETHIOPIA: Drought Crisis, Cash Shortfall. (December 01, 2017). Africa
Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 54, 10.)
Gleijeses, P. (2018, February 15). The United States Invasion of the
Dominican Republic, 1961–1966. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from
http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199766581/obo-9780199766581-0071.xml
Humud, C. E., Blanchard, C. M., & Nikitin, M. D. (2018, Feb. &
march). Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response. Retrieved February
27, 2018, from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33487.pdf
Idris, I. (2016, January). Economic impacts of humanitarian aid.
Retrieved February 27, 2018, from
http://www.gsdrc.org/publications/economic-impacts-of-humanitarian-aid/
Morello, C. (2017). United States gives Ethiopia $91 million in drought
aid for food and medicine. The Washington Post.
UNICEF. (2015). Ethiopia: Drought Crisis. Immediate Needs Overview.
Print.




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