Literature Review: The Labor Force in the Hospitality Industry
Question
Please write an introduction and a literature review of the labor force in hospitality. With a specific emphasis on the seasonality of the hotels.


Solution
Literature Review: The Labor Force in the Hospitality
Industry
The hospitality industry is one of
the most critical sectors of the economy. It generates jobs, income, and tax
revenues for the state and local governments. According to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, an estimated 16 million people were employed in hospitality-related
occupations in 2017. This included about 14 million people who worked in hotels
and other lodging places, such as campsites or motels; nearly 1.5 million
worked for restaurants; and approximately 300,000 for amusement parks and
recreation facilities (Sharma and Sharma, 2019). The labor force in this
industry is very diverse; it includes hotel managers, front desk clerks,
housekeepers, cooks, waiters, and waitresses. The hospitality industry is
seasonal with two peaks: during the summer months when people travel and another
during the winter when people ski or snowboard. Hotels are busy during these
times because they have to provide services to their customers. Therefore, hotels
employ many people during their peak seasons. They need to hire more employees
than usual because they will be expected to work more hours. For example, a
hotel may need to hire more housekeepers to clean all rooms as quickly as
possible during peak season before new guests arrive at the hotel. The paper
discusses the labor force in hospitality and how seasonality affects it.
Literature Review
The article “The Airbnb Paradox”
(Dogru et al., 2020) focuses on the place of Airbnb in the hospitality
industry. It is a peer-reviewed article that investigates the impact of Airbnb
on employment in hotels. The authors surveyed hoteliers and Airbnb hosts in New
York City and London to examine their perceptions about the effects of Airbnb
on their business. They also used publicly available data from Yelp,
TripAdvisor, and Google Maps to measure average ratings for hotels near the
airport and hotels near airports with an airport code that included “LHR” or
“JFK.” According to their findings, Airbnb has a positive impact on employment
in hotels. The authors found that hoteliers believe that Airbnb increases competition
for customers and lowers prices for consumers. Still, they also believe that it
has little impact on job creation or profitability. They also discovered that
homeowners are hesitant to host out of fear of missing out on potential
revenue, but in most cases, hosts do not perceive any negative impact on their
jobs as a result of Airbnb competition; instead, the majority of hosts claim
they can handle work while still fulfilling other obligations better than
before because they have more flexible schedules. On the other hand, Ann, and
Blum (2019), evaluated senior employees and their motivation for working in the
hospitality industry. They found that most of the senior employees were
motivated by the company’s mission and values and opportunities for promotion.
The authors found a high turnover rate among young workers who did not stay
long with one hotel or even with one job. This may be due to a lack of training
or recognition from management. The authors conclude that managers should focus
on motivating their employees to work harder and become more productive. In
addition, managers should be aware of what motivates each employee to tailor
their motivational strategies accordingly.
Furthermore, the hotel sector is an
important component of the hospitality industry and significantly impacts the
economy. The hospitality business includes hotels, restaurants, cruise ships,
and other lodging facilities. The labor force in this industry includes
employees who work in these businesses. The article by Bartlett et al., 2016
provides a comprehensive overview of the labor force from a broad perspective,
including demographics, skillsets, and education needed for future jobs in this
field. The authors argue that hospitality is an ever-changing field with an
increased need for skilled workers who can adapt to new technologies and new
ways of doing business (Bartlett et al., 2016). They also note that there are
many challenges facing the field today, including advances in technology that
have created new opportunities and brought with them many challenges. According
to Cetron et al., 2020, there is an increasing need for skilled workers due to
several factors, including:
●
As a result of globalization, tourism has grown;
●
Increased demand for entertainment venues such as casinos
and hotels;
●
An increase in retirees moving into retirement communities
which require more services such as health care and entertainment facilities;
●
Growth in technology has transformed how people communicate
with each other, including via mobile devices.
One of the main ways hospitality
industries adapt is by increasing their use of technology (Cetron et al.,
2019). This can include using tablet computers for check-in at hotels or mobile
apps such as UberEats or GrubHub to deliver food orders directly to customers’
homes.
The hotel business is one of the
most dynamic industries in the world. This may be attributed to rising tourism
and worldwide trade. The hospitality industry is a significant source of
employment, providing jobs for millions of people across the globe (Gibbs &
Slevitch, 2019). The labor force within the hospitality industry is comprised
of both permanent and temporary employees. These employees can be classified
into different groups based on their level of education or training and their
age or gender. In this article, we will focus our attention on seasonal workers
and how they are affected by changes in seasonality. Seasonal workers work
during specific times of year but not all year round (Fatma et al., 2016).
Seasonal workers have little control over their schedules because they only
work based on when demand for services increases. Seasonal workers are often
subject to having part-time jobs with low wages and few benefits. Seasonality
refers to fluctuations in demand for products or services over time due to
climate, holidays, or school calendars. Seasonality can affect both supply and
demand for goods and services as well. Hospitality is not just limited to
hotels and restaurants. Still, it also includes other types of businesses that
provide services to the public, such as airlines, cruise lines, casinos,
amusement parks, and travel agencies (Kim et al., 2016). The labor force in
hospitality is an essential part of the hospitality industry. Hotels must
provide their customers with quality service because without them. There would
be no one working at these hotels or restaurants. The hotel industry also has
many different jobs that need to be filled by people who are well trained to be
able to do their job correctly. As Kim et al. (2016) stated, if you want your
business to be successful, having good employees is very important because you
will not be able to run your business without them.
Consequently, the hospitality
industry has always been a labor-intensive one. This is especially true in the
hospitality industry of Turkey, which has been a developing country for years.
In addition to the workers employed directly in hotels, tens of thousands of
people work in related industries such as logistics and transportation,
catering and food services, tourism agencies, travel agencies, and tour
operators who provide services for foreign tourists. The current state of the
Turkish economy is not good. Inflation has reached record levels, and
unemployment is on the rise despite all efforts by government institutions to
reduce it. There is also a growing concern about foreign tourists visiting
Turkey due to negative media coverage (Israeli et al., 2018). As a result, many
hotels struggle financially and need all the help they can get from human
resources management strategies like employee engagement strategies. The
journal article by Hitrec T. (2017) focuses on how hotel and restaurant workers
are affected by seasonal variations in employment and wages and how managers can
manage their workforce during peak periods to enhance productivity and reduce
turnover rates. The research findings indicate that seasonal fluctuations
affect both the supply and demand for labor within the hospitality industry. During
peak periods, there is an increase in employee demand, which results in higher
pay being offered to potential employees.
In contrast, during off-peak times,
there is a drop in demand for workers, resulting in lower pay being offered to
prospective employees; Individuals are more inclined to leave their jobs when
they are dissatisfied with the money they are paid. This leads to increased
turnover rates among these hotels or restaurants because unhappy workers feel
underpaid for their efforts. Managers should make sure that they have enough
staff members on hand, so that customer service does not suffer as a result of
this research; It is important that you provide your visitors with easy
accessibility to your company. This will ensure they do not miss out on any
potential consumers because it is difficult to discover someone.
In conclusion, this paper has
discussed the hospitality industry’s labor force, especially the seasonality of
the hotels. The labor force in the hospitality industry is comprised of all the
people who work in the hotel, including owners, managers, and employees. The
labor force is a large part of any business in any industry. Hotel labor is
seasonal in that the hospitality industry has high unemployment during the
summer months and low unemployment during the holiday season. Therefore, hotels
must hire employees willing to work these seasonal shifts. In recent years,
there has been considerable concern about how seasonal employment affects
individuals who work in hospitality industries such as hotels and resorts.
Seasonal employment refers to temporary jobs that require workers to be
available only during certain times of the year. This type of employment makes
it difficult for workers who rely on these jobs for their livelihoods because
they may have difficulty finding permanent work or maintaining.
References
Ann, S., & Blum, S. C. (2019).
Motivating senior employees in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Bartlett, K. R., Johnson, K. R.,
& Schneider, I. E. (2016). Comparing strategic human resource development
approaches for tourism and hospitality workforce planning. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15(4), 440-461.
Cetron, M. J., Davies, O., DeMicco,
F., & Song, M. (2020). Shaping the future of hospitality and travel: trends
in energy, environmental, and labour force and work. International Hospitality Review.
Dogru, T., Mody, M., Suess, C.,
McGinley, S., & Line, N. D. (2020). The Airbnb paradox: Positive employment
effects in the hospitality industry. Tourism
Management, 77, 104001.
Fatma, I. K. A., Kadir, S. A.,
Sariman, T. A. M., & Yuliana, S. (2016). Analysis of Wage and Labor
Productivity in the Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Scientific
and Research Publications, 6(8).
Gibbs, L., & Slevitch, L.
(2019). Integrating technical and emotional competencies in hospitality
education. Journal of Hospitality &
Tourism Education, 31(2), 99-110.
Hitrec, T. (2017). Journal review:
Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 65(4), 509-509.
Israeli, A., Kırlar Can, B., Ertaş,
M., Sel, Z. G., & Tütüncü, Ö. (2018). Hospitality crisis management in
Turkey: a comparative approach.
Kim, W. G., Choi, H. M., & Li,
J. J. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of migrant workers’ sociocultural
adjustment in the hospitality industry. International
Journal of Hospitality Management, 58,
1-12.
Sharma, S., & Sharma, R. (2019).
Culinary skills: the spine of the Indian hospitality industry: Is the available
labour being skilled appropriately to be employable?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.




About Author
Tough Essay Due? Hire Tough Essay Writers!
We have subject matter experts ready 24/7 to tackle your specific tasks and deliver them ON TIME, ready to hand in. Our writers have advanced degrees, and they know exactly what’s required to get you the best possible grade.
Find the right expert among 500+
We hire Gradewriters writers from different fields, thoroughly check their credentials, and put them through trials.
View all writers