Corrections in the Community: Drug Courts
Question
Corrections in the Community Assignment # 5
Research Рарег Guidelines (SLO # 2)
Assignment # 5 Research Paper
Please read and follow the guidelines
below in order to successfully
complete your research
paper.
1. Your total
paper should consist of а minimum of 5 pages. You should follow the АРА guidelines in writing this paper. You should visit
the library to gain assistance
if you are unsure about АРА writing
guidelines.
2.
Your research topic should relate to one of the following in corrections in the community:
1.
Day-reporting centers
2.
Special Populations iп Community Corrections (choose а special population) З. Evidence based practices (ЕВР) in community supervision
4.
LiaЬility of probation/parole officers
5.
Drug courts
6.
Caseload issues апd assignments
7.
'11he impact of technology in supervision today
3. The rubric that will Ье utilized to grade your research paper has been included. Review it prior to beginning\your рарег.
4. Your рарег should include 5 references
from
professional journals. Examples
of professional journals аге
included below. lnternet and Google
searches that аге included in your
рарег and аге not
from professional journals
will not Ье ассерtаЫе and will
Ье
graded as such. This is not an
all-inclusive list.
•
Criminal Justice Behavior
•
Corrections Тoday
•
American Journal of Corrections
•
American Journal of Criminal Justice
•
Crime and Delinquency
•
Cгiminal Justice Ethics
•
Criminal Justice Policy Review
•
Criminology
•
Journal of Criminal Law
•
Justice Quarterly
•
Journal of Criminal Justice
•
Journal of Criminal Justice Education
” • Contemporary Issues of Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal
•
Crime, Punishment and the Law
•
Journal of Law & Policy
•
Journal of Legal Studies
Formatting Guidelines
•
5 pages typed, double-spaced (Title
page, 3
pages of literature review/conclusions,
Reference page - 5 pages)
•
APA style writing guidelines
•
Times
New Roman font, 12 point
•
1-inch margins all around
•
8-1/2" x 11” paper
•
Minimum of 5 different sources (each reference can only be used once)
COktPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER
1. Title Page 1 page
2. Introduction 1 page
The introduction of
the paper gives the reader an
idea, background details and provides information about why you are writing on the topic you have
selected. The introduction of the paper
consists of 2 parts:
1. A general introduction to the topic
2. Your Thesis Statement
The thesis statement states the thesis or argument for your paper. It is a focused section of your introduction
that clearly delineates the argument
that is presented in your paper. I have provided
you with
2 short examples below of the first part of an introduction. The bolded
part includes a sample
of a thesis statement.
Example 1:
Teenagers in many American cities have been involved in more gangs in the last five years than ever before. Theseqangs of teens have been committing a lot of violent
crimes. The victims of these crimes are
both gang members and people outside
of gangs. |V]any people do
not want to travel to areas in our cities because of the danger from this problem. For this terrible situation to stop, it is going to take a combined effort on the part of many people. Excellent, supervised after-school
programs, more jobs available for teens, and healthy family relationships will go a long way towards ending this crisis in our society.
Example 2:
During the Middle Ages in Europe and the Middle East there was much
armed conflict between Christians and Muslims. Christians called
these conflicts the Crusades because they were
fighting under the sign of
the
cross to save the holy lands of the Bible from being
desecrated by non-Christians. However, the true reason for fighting
for these lands was less than holy.
It was mainly a desire
for economic gain that
prompted the Christian leaders to send soldiers
to fight in the Holy Land.
3.
Review of Literature 3 pages
This section is the body
of your
paper in which
you write about resources
that you have read about
from professional journals and books that support your introduction and thesis statement. When writing this section you may not Google on your
topic and use the internet as resources in your paper.
4.
Summary/ Conclusions
S. References
1 page
1 page
You must use five different references in your paper
and all references listed on
your
reference page must be
properly cited in your Review of Literature section.


Solution
Corrections in the
Community: Drug Courts
Drug courts are operated
through treatment with sanctions and incentives, aftercare, and random and
compulsory testing for drugs. The program has been an effective tool to improve
public safety and public health. The facilities provide an innovative mechanism
that permits collaboration between the judiciary, communities, community
support groups, drug treatment providers, correction agencies, and prosecutors.
The special facilities have been operational in the United States for over 20
years with well-documented effectiveness (Eaglin, 2016). The drug court program
was initiated in the 1980s as an innovative approach to reduce the influx of
addiction offenders experienced by the judicial system. The drug courts also
provide the state and local governments with a cost-effective alternative
whenever they experience serious budget cuts. Drug courts have enabled these governments
to increase the number of drug offenders who get access to sustained recovery.
Therefore, they improve health and safety and reduce the costs related to
additional incarceration and rearrests. The current study examines the roles
played by drug courts as correctional facilities in the community and their
implementations throughout the United States.
Despite the numerous
benefits that the drug courts are associated with, the implementation of the
concept experiences huge variations across different jurisdictions. As a
result, this can have implications for the court participants in terms of the
outcomes. Nonetheless, this model still remains one of the most innovative
evidence-based practices the judicial system in the United States has ever
formulated. A great shift has been witnessed in the past three decades in the
judicial system in the U.S. to the reliance on empirical research to inform
practice and policy. The shift emphasizes what works in efforts to reduce
radicalism and crime while improving the outcomes for the offenders. The
specialized criminal courts can generally have contributed a lot to America’s
crime and justice departments.
As opposed to other
institutions, drug courts have been specially designed to offer accommodation
for individuals with substance abuse problems, and later, after transformation,
they divert them to community-based supervision from custodial supervision.
Andrews and Bonta (2014) mention that this model has seen the courts undergo
dramatic growth. Although the model is often applied differently across various
jurisdictions, the gist of implementing drug courts is the need for
collaboration between staff from treatment and social services and the judicial
system. The staff is unified by the single objective of enhancing individuals’
criminal and clinical outcomes under the drug court jurisdiction. Noteworthy,
the model employs the “carrots-and-sticks” approach, emphasizing the value of
rehabilitation and differentiating it from traditional courts. However, drug
courts still implement some sanctions due to deterrence, including refusal of
drug tests. Most Americans think of drug courts as the custodians of therapeutic
jurisprudence.
Since
its inception in 1989 in Dade County in Florida, drug courts and their promises
to completely change the judicial system have drawn great attention from the
general public. The model has changed and evolved in the past 30 years such
that almost every state applies the principles associated with drug courts.
Based on the latest reports, approximately 3,100 drug courts are operational
across the United States (Office of Justice Programs, 2018). An interplay of
three main events in the 20th century can have accelerated the
spread of the adoption of drug courts in the U.S. The events include the War on
Drugs through punitive measures, the emergence of treatment-and-community-based
correctional philosophies, and the reduced capacity of the correctional
facilities to cater to incarcerated substance abuse offenders. The traditional
correctional facilities for incarcerated drug abusers failed to deliver,
demanding a paradigm shift.
Drug
courts vary in their target populations, service resources, and model designs.
Nevertheless, as the National Institute of Justice (2020) observes, these
special courts were set up to cater to offenders’ and defendants’ needs,
juvenile offenders, and adults having pending child welfare cases. However, all
these groups have one thing in common, they all have a problem with alcohol and
drugs dependency. A comprehensive model has been adopted for drug courts
involving assessment and screening of the needs, response rates, and risks of
the offenders, monitoring and supervision, and judicial interactions. The model
is also based on graduated incentives and sanctions and rehabilitation and
treatment services.
Another important
characteristic of the drug courts is that they are managed through a
multidisciplinary and non-adversarial team composed of judges, defense
attorneys, prosecutors, treatment services professionals, social workers, and
community corrections. Besides, the program also highly encourages other
stakeholders to participate, including families of the offenders and the
community and law enforcers. Such participation is expected through hearings,
graduation events, and the implementation of programs. According to Sevigny et
al. (2013), the non-adversarial approach is crucial in protecting the rights of
all participants. The program is crucial for the facilitation of treatment of
an individual. In this sense, the defense counsel and the prosecutor are
expected to abandon their traditional adversarial relationship as portrayed in
courtrooms and work as one team. Once the offender has been admitted to the
drug court, the team’s main focus is to develop them into law-abiding
individuals and assist them in recovery instead of focusing on the merits of
the pending case.
The prosecuting attorney
in the drug court model is responsible for ensuring that the public is safe by
ensuring that all the admitted candidates are appropriate for the program and
that they meet all the requirements for admission. The defense counsel is
charged with protecting the participants’ due process rights and encouraging
full participation. Therefore, in the coordinated efforts of the drug courts,
both the defense counsel and the prosecution attorney play an important role.
The two play crucial roles in designing case processing, screening, and
screening policies and procedures that guarantee public safety and protection
of the rights of the participants. Another important aspect of the drug court
model is that it emphasizes early detection of the participants who qualify for
placement and proceed with the admission process. The emphasis is due to the
acknowledgment that the arrest process can be quite traumatic to individuals.
The
duration immediately after arrest or apprehension into rehabilitation provides
a good opportunity for the drug court players to initiate the treatment
process. However, initiating the judicial process immediately after this
period, as with the traditional court system, depended much on the crisis of
nature. Public confidence is also enhanced by the prompt actions taken by drug
courts. More importantly, the idea to incorporate clinical approaches into the
judicial process is crucial to the overall treatment requirements. Including
law enforcement officers in the treatment efforts has proven effective in
increasing graduation rates. Research suggests that law enforcers’ engagement
has increased graduation rates through drug courts from 46% to 57% (Logan & Link,
2019). The model also provides its participants with training and
technical assistance resources. A National Law Enforcement Task Force has been
established by the National Drug Court Institute (NDCI) and the National
Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP). The role of the task force is
to ensure increased participation of law enforcers in the process of drug
courts and also collect the essential input from major law enforcement leaders
across the United States. The task force comprises representatives from various
enforcement departments, including the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the
National Sheriffs Association (NSA).
In conclusion, the study sought to
examine the roles of drug courts as correctional facilities in the community in
the United States. From the available resources, it is evident that these
innovative establishments that came into force in 1989 play a very important
role. The model was established upon realizing that the traditional correction
process could not effectively cater to drug abuse offenders. Instead of the
traditional correction process, drug courts emphasize treatment and
rehabilitation instead of punitive measures. As a result, the number of drug
courts operating in the United States has increased tremendously over the last
three decades. As a result, these courts have become increasingly popular among
the American population as increased participation is evident. The courts
function through a collaborative approach, bringing together clinical and
judicial representatives. Therefore, this teamwork has seen drug courts achieve
massive success in the recent past. In other words, drug courts play an
important role and thus should be encouraged and supported.
References
D. A., & J. (2014). The psychology of criminal conduct (5th ed. ed.). New
Providence, NJ: Anderson.
Chandler, R. K.,
Fletcher, B. W., & Volkow, N. D. (2009). Treating drug abuse and addiction
in the criminal justice system: improving public health and safety. Jama, 301(2),
183-190.
Eaglin, J. M. (2016).
The drug court paradigm. American Criminal Law Reveview, 53,
595. Logan, M. W., & Link, N. W. (2019). Taking stock of drug courts: Do
they work? Victims & Offenders, 14(3), 283-298.
National
Institute of Justice. Overview of Drug
Courts. National Institute of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. (2018). Drug courts (NCJ 238527). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Sevigny, E. L., Pollack,
H. A., & Reuter, P. (2013). Can drug courts help to reduce prison and jail
populations?. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science, 647(1), 190-212.




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